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Class 11th English 100 Marks-Bihar Board
Class 11 English Rainbow - 1 Grammar : Use Of Tense
USE OF TENSE
Tense क्रिया का वह रूप है जो Present Time , Past Time And Future Time तीनो का बोध कराता है
1. निम्नलिखित वाक्य Present Tense में होते हुए भी Future Time का बोध करते है
जैसे -
I am going to Patna to - morrow .
He is going to establish a school
A meeting is going to be held at school
2. निम्नलिखित वाक्य Present Indefinite (simple) में होते हुए भी Future Time का बोध करते है
जैसे -
I leave for Patna to - morrow .
He writes this letter for to - morrow .
⇒ जिस तरह Present Tense , Future Time को दर्शाते है उसी तरह Past Tense न केवल Past Time का बोध कराते है बल्कि Present Tense का भी बोध कराते है
जैसे -
It is the time he was at home.
It is the time when we were watching the game .
⇒ Pat Time न केवल Past Tense बतलाता है अपितु Future Tense भी बतलाता है
जैसे -
If I told him. he would have come .
इस तरह स्पस्ट है की हमें Tense के भेद का अध्यन करते समय इस बात पर अधिक ध्यान देना चाहिए की ये वक्त किस Tense के है तथा कौन - कौन Tense का बोध कराते है | हम सभी जानते है की Tense के तिन भेद होते है और पुनः प्रतेक Tense के चार - चार भेद होते है |
(i) Simple ( Indefinite ) Tense
(ii) Progressive ( Imperfect ) Tense
(iii) Prefect Tense
( iv) Prefect Continuous Tense .
अब हम इसके बनावट को बरी - बरी से देखेंगे -
Simple Tense :
Structure
Present Tense I go.
Structure : Sub + Verb + Object
He goes ( Sub अगर 3rd person singular number में हो तो verb में S/ES लगेगा )
Past Tense :
He went I went
Structure : Sub + Verb का दूसरा रूप + Object
You / the / we + went
Future Tense
I / We shall go
Structure : Sub + shall + will + verb + object
she / he / you / they + will + go
Present Progressive Tense I am going
Structure : Sub + is / am / are + Verb + ing + Object
we / you / they + are going
he , she / name /+ is going
Past Progressive Tense :
I / he / she / name + was going
you / we / they + were going
Structure : Sub + was / were + verb(ing) + Object
Future I / we + shall be going
Present Perfect Tense
You / I / We / have gone
He / she / has gone
Structure : Sub + have / has + v3 + Objective
Past Perfect Tense
You / I / He / had done
I / we / shall have gone you / they / he / will have gone
Structure : sub + shall / will + have + v3 + object
Perfect Continuous Tense
Present : We / I you have been going
Structure : sub + have / has + been + v4 ( verb + ing ) + obj
He / she / has been going
Past : I / You / he / name had
Sub + shall / will have been + v4 ( verb + ing) + obj
Future : We / I shall have been going
Structure : Sub + shall/will + have been + v4 ( verb + ing ) + obj
You / he / she / name + will have been + v4 + obj
Tense का प्रयोग के नियम
1. Present Indefinite Tense -
1. इसका प्रयोग किसी Question को Quote करने के लिए किया जाता है |
जैसे -
Democracy is a from of government of the people and for the people .
2. किसी Proverb को Present Indefinite Tens में लिखा जाता है |
जैसे -
Work is Worship
3. स्थिति बताने के लिए भी Present Indefinite Tense का ब्यवहार किया जाता है
जैसे -
Calcutta is in the east of India
4. Universal truth and habitual fact को दर्शाने के लिए Present Indefinite Tense का प्रयोग होता है |
जैसे -
The Sun rises in the east . Honesty is the best policy .
5. किसी के कथन को कहने के लिए Present Indefinite Tense में लिखकर वाक्य किया जाता है
6. भुत की बातों को भी Present indefinite Tense में लिखकर वाक्य को ओजपूर्ण बनाया जाता है |
7. शर्त वाले वाक्य का Sub-ordinate Clause Present Simple Tense में होता है | तथा Main Clause Future Tense में |
जैसे -
If he help me. I shall be loyal to him.
8. Commentary सुनाने में भी Simple Present Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है |
जैसे -
The Curtain sets up and the heroine comes with tears in her eyes .
9. वैसे Exclamatory Sentence जो Here एंव There से शुरू होते हो में simple Present Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है |
जैसे - There the go !
Here comes the Prime Minister !
10. किसी भी कविता , कहानी , धर्मग्रन्थ के Moral Lesson को Simple Present Tense में ब्यक्त किया जाता है |
जैसे - The Ramayana teaches us a note of metaphysics .
2. Present Prefect Tense -
1. यह हमें इस बात का बोध कराता है की काम भुत में शुरू हुआ जिसका परिणाम अभी नहीं निकला है |
She has sung a song .
He has gone to Delhi
2. वैसे वाक्य जिससे बोध हो की काम अभी समाप्त हुआ है उसे दर्शाने के लिए Present Perfect Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है |
ex- She has cooked our meals .
I have just written a book .
Present Perfect Continuous Tense -
इससे बोध होता है की कम भूतकाल में आरंभ हुआ तथा अभी भी चल रहा है |
जैसे - He has been teaching in this school since 1976.
She has been singing since 6.30 o clock .
Past Tense
1. Simple Past Tense : यह हमें किसी समाप्त हुए काम के बारे में जानकारी दिलाता है |
जैसे - I went to Calcutta last month .
I purchased a car.
2. भूतकालीन आदत को दर्शाने के लिए Simple Past Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है |
जैसे :
He never took wine .
I never ate meat .
He used to smoke.
She used to sing in the ball - dance party .
2. Past Progressive Tense .
(i) भूतकाल में किसी कम के होने या करते रहने का बोध कराने के लिए Past Progressive Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है |
जैसे -
He was writing a letter.
She was reading her book.
Past Perfect Tense
(i) इससे किसी काम को पहले ही समाप्त हो गये होने का बोध होता है |
जैसे :-
He had been gone to Calcutta last week .
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
इससे मालूम होता है की कोई काम बहुत पहले आरंभ हुआ तथा अभी संपन्न नहीं हुआ है |
जैसे - I had been ill for four days .
Future Tense
1. Simple Future Tense -
इससे हमें किसी काम के भविष्य में होने का बोध होता है |
जैसे -
I shall go to Patna to - day
He will sing a song .
Dr. Mohan Babu will help me much.
2. Future Progressive Tense .
इससे किसी कम के भविष्य में होते रहने का बोध होता है |
जैसे - She will be weeping there .
I shall be waiting there .
3. Future Perfect Tense .
इससे किसी कम के होने में आशा का बोध होता है |
जैस- She will have written a letter.
4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
इस Tense से मालूम होता है की कोई काम अभी आरंभ भी नहीं हुआ है लेकिन भविष्य में होते रहते है |
जैसे -
She will have been singing.
I shall have been taking a rest there .
Exercises Work Out -
Sentence
1. The teacher said that the earth .....round the sun ( moved , moves )
Correct : The teacher said that the earth move round the sun.
2. I .......... there books last month . ( have read , read )
Correct : I read three books last month
3. I .........the examination next year.
Correct : I shall pass the examination
4. We ....... running tomorrow (shall , shall be )
Correct : We shall be running tomorrow.
5. I ....... him last year. ( have seen saw )
Correct : I saw him last year .
6. It .......... Since last night. ( is raining , has been raining )
Correct : It has been raining since last nigh.
7. They ...........here for five years. ( live )
Correct : They have been living here for five year
8. We.........football every day. ( play )
Correct : We play football every day.
9. I am .......a letter at this time ( write )
Correct : I am writing a letter at this time.
10. This book .......to him . ( belong )
Correct : This book belongs to him .
11. Rani ..... home yesterday . ( go )
Correct : Rani went home yesterday
12. Rajeev .......home last month ( come )
Correct : Rajeev came home last month
13. I ............ a poem last weak ( write )
Correct : I wrote a poem last week
14. I ........ him for there years ( know )
Correct : I have known him for three years.
15. They ........... in this house for five years .
Correct : They have been living in this house for five year
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