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Class 12th English 100 Marks-Bihar Board
Class 11 English Rainbow - 1 Prose Chapter 4 : The Rule of the Road
Summary
In this essay A.G. Gardiner points out what constitutes the true liberty . He begins by giving an example of an old lady who insisted on walking in the middle of the road in Petrograd instead of on the pavement. Her argument was that she had got liberty now to do so. She did not realize that like her, the cub- driver was also entitled to drive on the pavement . If such a thing happened, there would be traffic jams and chaos every where and no body would be able to reach his or her destination in time. Such an individual liberty would result i complete anarchy in society.
The author thinks that these days people are increasingly getting liberty drunk, which is very dangerous. therefore, we must understand the rule of the road. It means that in order to preserve the liberty of all , the liberties of everyone must be curtailed. the traffic policeman should be taken as a symbol of liberty and not of anarchy when he is controlling traffic . Some curtailment of private liberty is necessary so that everyone may enjoy a social order that made liberty a reality because liberty is not only a personal affair but also a social contract.
If a person's liberty does not affect other's liberty , then he can do so as he likes. For example he may choose to go down the strand in addressing gown with long hair and bare feet , who shall say me nay? You have liberty to laugh at me, but I have the liberty to be indifferent you you. And if I have fancy for dyeing my hair or waxing my mustache or Waring a tall hat , a frock - coat and sandals or going to bed late or getting up early. I shall follow my fancy an ask no man's permission.
The author gives another example of a person who entered a railway carriage and disturbed him with his loud talking when he was trying to read Blue-book . The man talk common place thins with his friend in a loud and pompous voice and forced the author to stop reading. The author did not object lest he should be considered a very rude fellow. He feels that a reasonable consideration, for the rights and feelings of others is the foundation of social behaviour. He is of is of the view that women are less civilized in this respect than men. The reason is that men are better trained than women in given and take of social relationship because they have lived more in broad current of the world. they have learnt from their school life, their club life and games. But not women are beginning to enjoy these things.
The writer believes that the rights of small people and quiet people are also important of preserve . Motorists have no right to disturb others by blowing their horns deliberately and noisly. Similarly , one should listen to one's gramophone in privacy of home and not disturb neighbours. the fact is that can be neither complete anarchists nor complete socialists in this complex world of ours. we must be a reasonal mixture of both. We must preserve our own liberty and our social liberty as well. This can be done by observing the rule of the road. In life great moments of heroism and sacrifice are rare . So , only the little habits of social behaviour can sweeten or make our life better.
Class 11 English Rainbow - 1 Prose Chapter 4 : The Rule of the Road Summary In Hindi
इस निबंध में एजी गार्डिनर बताते हैं कि सच्ची स्वतंत्रता क्या है। वह एक बूढ़ी औरत का उदाहरण देकर शुरू करते हैं, जो फुटपाथ के बजाय पेत्रोग्राद में सड़क के बीच में चलने पर जोर देती थी। उनका तर्क था कि अब उन्हें ऐसा करने की आजादी मिल गई है। उसे इस बात का अहसास नहीं था कि उसकी तरह शावक को भी फुटपाथ पर गाड़ी चलाने का अधिकार है। अगर ऐसा हुआ तो जगह-जगह जाम और अफरा-तफरी मच जाएगी और कोई भी व्यक्ति समय पर अपने गंतव्य तक नहीं पहुंच पाएगा। इस तरह की व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता का परिणाम समाज में पूर्ण अराजकता का होगा।
लेखक सोचता है कि आजकल लोग स्वतंत्रता के नशे में धुत्त होते जा रहे हैं, जो बहुत ही खतरनाक है। इसलिए, हमें सड़क के नियम को समझना चाहिए। इसका मतलब है कि सभी की स्वतंत्रता को बनाए रखने के लिए, सभी की स्वतंत्रता को कम किया जाना चाहिए। यातायात पुलिसकर्मी को स्वतंत्रता के प्रतीक के रूप में लिया जाना चाहिए न कि अराजकता के प्रतीक के रूप में जब वह यातायात को नियंत्रित कर रहा हो। निजी स्वतंत्रता में कुछ कटौती आवश्यक है ताकि हर कोई एक ऐसी सामाजिक व्यवस्था का आनंद उठा सके जिसने स्वतंत्रता को एक वास्तविकता बना दिया क्योंकि स्वतंत्रता न केवल एक व्यक्तिगत मामला है बल्कि एक सामाजिक अनुबंध भी है।
यदि किसी व्यक्ति की स्वतंत्रता दूसरे की स्वतंत्रता को प्रभावित नहीं करती है, तो वह जैसा चाहे वैसा कर सकता है। उदाहरण के लिए वह लंबे बालों और नंगे पैरों के साथ गाउन को संबोधित करने में स्ट्रैंड नीचे जाने का विकल्प चुन सकता है, मुझे कौन कहेगा? आपको मुझ पर हंसने की आजादी है, लेकिन मुझे आपके प्रति उदासीन रहने की आजादी है। और अगर मुझे अपने बालों को रंगने या अपनी मूंछों को वैक्स करने या लंबी टोपी, फ्रॉक-कोट और सैंडल पहनने का शौक है या देर से सोने या जल्दी उठने का शौक है। मैं अपनी कल्पना का पालन करूंगा और किसी की अनुमति नहीं मांगूंगा।
लेखक एक ऐसे व्यक्ति का एक और उदाहरण देता है जो एक रेलगाड़ी में घुस गया था और जब वह ब्लू-बुक पढ़ने की कोशिश कर रहा था, तो उसकी तेज बात से उसे परेशान किया। आम जगह पर बात करने वाला आदमी अपने दोस्त के साथ तेज और आडंबरपूर्ण आवाज में पतला होता है और लेखक को पढ़ना बंद करने के लिए मजबूर करता है। लेखक ने कोई आपत्ति नहीं की, कहीं ऐसा न हो कि उसे एक बहुत ही असभ्य साथी समझा जाए। वह महसूस करता है कि दूसरों के अधिकारों और भावनाओं के लिए उचित विचार सामाजिक व्यवहार की नींव है। उनका मत है कि इस संबंध में महिलाएं पुरुषों की तुलना में कम सभ्य हैं। इसका कारण यह है कि पुरुष सामाजिक संबंधों को लेकर महिलाओं की तुलना में बेहतर प्रशिक्षित होते हैं क्योंकि वे दुनिया की व्यापक धारा में अधिक रहते हैं। उन्होंने अपने स्कूली जीवन, अपने क्लब जीवन और खेलों से सीखा है। लेकिन महिलाओं को इन चीजों में मजा नहीं आने लगा है।
लेखक का मानना है कि छोटे लोगों और शांत लोगों के अधिकारों को संरक्षित करना भी महत्वपूर्ण है। मोटर चालकों को जानबूझकर और शोर से हॉर्न बजाकर दूसरों को परेशान करने का कोई अधिकार नहीं है। इसी तरह घर में एकांत में अपना ग्रामोफोन सुनना चाहिए और पड़ोसियों को परेशान नहीं करना चाहिए। तथ्य यह है कि हमारी इस जटिल दुनिया में न तो पूर्ण अराजकतावादी हो सकते हैं और न ही पूर्ण समाजवादी। हमें दोनों का तर्कसंगत मिश्रण होना चाहिए। हमें अपनी स्वतंत्रता और अपनी सामाजिक स्वतंत्रता की भी रक्षा करनी चाहिए। यह सड़क के नियम का पालन करके किया जा सकता है। जीवन में वीरता और बलिदान के महान क्षण दुर्लभ हैं। अतः सामाजिक व्यवहार की छोटी-छोटी आदतें ही हमारे जीवन को मधुर या बेहतर बना सकती हैं।
Class 11 English Rainbow - 1 Prose Chapter 4 : The Rule of the Road Textual Question Solved
A. Work in small group and discuss these questions -
Q1. Does democracy have anything to do with freedom?
Ans - Democracy is the government of the people, for the people and by the people . It is essentially the government which is devoted to the welfare of the masses. Citizens enjoy freedom in a democratic government They are obliged t obey their constitution, otherwise they must be punished according to the provisions of the law of the land . In democratic form of government, freedom is given wherever it is necessary. there are some fundamental rights in our constitution and citizens are supposed to enjoy freedom which have been given under fundamental rights . Hence we conclude that the relation between democracy and freedom is allied and integrated They are not opposite to each other .
Q2. In democracy citizens role is of utmost important . How ?
Ans - In democracy citizen's role is of utmost important. It is the government of the people, for the people and by the people. People elect their representatives by direct election. They are free to cast their votes in favor of the candidates of their choice. Under this system, discrimination is made against the people on the basis of caste, creed or sex. They have been given all kinds of freedom by the constitution. In a democratic form of government, a country is regarded as a welfare state and the government adopts such policies as are worthwhile of or the welfare of the masses. If a government fails to do so, the citizens deserve the right to change it by fresh mandate. thus we see that citizens play a key role in democracy.
Q3. Why are fundamental rights important to us ?
Ans- Ours is a vibrant democracy. We have been given fundamental right by our constitution These rights give us assurance that the government is responsible to the people in true sense. Without these rights we can not enjoy real democracy. In the period of emergency people are totally deprived of fundamental rights. They are suppressed by the government by imposing various types of draconian laws. For successful democracy fundamental rights are of utmost importance.
Q4. Have you ever wondered what keeps the traffic move smoothly without running into one another?
Ans- Traffic jam causes a lot of problems in our day today life. We want to reach our destination on time and violate the rulers of the road. If we follow the traffic rules it keeps the traffic move smoothly without running into one another . I have wondered so many times that the roads on which I move is very- very clear. Sometime I begin to think deeply about this . In my opinion our people are essentially law-breakers and they break the traffic rules and create anarchy but sometimes they show their civic sense and follow the rules of the road which results in smooth traffic move. The people of my town are responsible and they do not interfere with other people's liberty. They think that liberty is not a personal affair only but a social contract also.
B1. Answer the following question briefly :-
Q1. Why did the old lady refuse to walk on the pavement ?
Ans - An old lady was walking down the middle of a street. When she was asked to walk on the pavement she refused to walk on the pavement. She said that she was going to walk where she liked because she had got freedom to walk .
Q2. How did the old lady cause a chaos ?
Ans - The old lady was walking down the middle of the street. When she was asked to walk on the pavement which was meant for foot-passengers, she insisted on walking where she like, adding that she was fee to do as she like. In this way she caused chaos and great confusion.
Q3. How has the author defined liberty ?
Ans- Generally people think that liberty is a personal freedom. But according to the author , it is not a real liberty. If people think so , the end of such liberty would be universal chao . Individual liberty is an adjustment of interest. One curtails his private liberty in order that one may enjoy a social order which makes one's liberty a reality
Q4. You have submitted to a curtailment of private liberty in order that your may enjoy a social order which makes our liberty a reality , what does the author mean ?
Ans - By this statement the author means that some curtailment of private liberty is necessary so that all may enjoy their liberty in real sense. For example, we have liberty to drive on the road but the traffic police man stops us at times to alert the traffic movement creating a chaos. He does so to allow smooth movement so that every body can enjoy driving on the road.
Q5. What is the danger, the author is referring to in paragraph - 2 ?
Ans- The danger according t the author referring to in paragraph 2 is the danger of the word getting liberty . Drinking and walking remaind us of what the rule of the road means. It means that in order that the liberties of all may be preserved, the liberties of everybody must be curtailed .
Q6. How is liberty a social contract ?
Ans- Liberty is no only a personal affair , but a social contrast. It is an adjustment of interests. A man wants his personal liberty . At the same time he is aware of the liberty that other perosons should get. In other words liberty of one is the duty of other. People in society compromise in the matter of liberty with one another . So , it is right to say that liberty is a social contract.
B.2. Answer the following question briefly : -
Q1. Are the right of the people less important than the rights of the nations ?
Ans - The rights of the people are not important than the rights of the nations . In other words, the rights of the people are as important as the rights of the nations . A country has no right to attack other countries and crush the people of that countries. Human rights are of great importance. The rights of a country can not ignore human rights.
Q2. Why couldn't the author read his book during his railway journey .
Ans - The author could not read his book during his railway journey because another passenger began to talk in a loud and pompous voice to his friend. He talked on topics which were of no interest to the author . He acted like a barred - organ grooming out some very old song. It did not occur to him that he was disturbing others .
Q3 Why couldn't the author read his book during his railway journey
Ans - The author through the illustration of a trombone wants to convey that a person should be a judicious - mixture of both an anarchist and socialist.
Q4. What two types of reading does the author refer to ? How are they different ?
Ans- The author refers to two types of reading one for pleasure and the other as a task . Both are different. Once the author in a railway carriage reading a Blue book. He was not reading for pleasure. the truth was that he never read book for pleasure. He read them for the very humble purpose of turning an honest penny out of them. It you are reading a book for pleasure it does not matter what is going around you . But when you are reading a thing as a task you should maintain quiet.
Q5. List the actions for which we " ask no one's leave ?
Ans - ( a) Waring clothes of our won choice i.e. warning a tall hat , a frock coat, sandals or going bare feet.
(b) Being in different to others who laugh at us .
(c) Going to bed late or getting up early .
(d) Dyeing our hair or waxing mustache, supporting long hair .
(e) Eating the food of our own choice.
Class 11 English Rainbow - 1 Prose Chapter 4 : The Rule of the Road Long Question Solved
Q1. What does the rule of the road mean ? Give examples to show how necessary it is to preserve order in society ?
Ans - The rule of the road means that the liberties of all may be preserved, the liberties of everybody must be curtailed. So , a traffic policeman controlling traffic is not a symbol of tyranny but a custodian of liverty . You may think so You may be in hurry. But if the police man stops your car, you should not feel that your liberty is violated . If he does not interfere with you he would interfere with no body. the result would be that you never cross the road . So, the rule of road is necessary to preserve order in society.
Q2. Who according t A.G. Gardiner is a civilized man ?
Ans - According to A. G. Gardiner who is civilized man is a different task to decide. He says that we can not pass judgement upon ourselves and declare that we are civilized or uncivilized . It is very difficult to decide . In order to he a civilized man, a man must preserve his won liberty and his social liberty as well. This can be done by observing the rule of the road . In life great moments of heroisn and sacrifice are rare. So , a sweet behaviour can sweeten our life .
Q3. Unchecked personal liberty would lead to social anarchy. Elaborate giving example ?
Ans - It is true tat liberty is not a personal affair only , but a social contract . We have liberty of action so long as our actions do no affect and disturb others. But the moments they become to disturb others we have to be careful and impose some restriction on our actions. there are things in which we are at liberty to do, as we like. For example we can dress as we like , eat what we like. We can be wise or ridiculousness , harsh or easy, conventional or odd. This is our own kingdom and we can do as we choose. But as soon as we step out of this kingdom our liberty gets restricted. we can't play music loudly , shout during our railway journey when there are other passengers in the carriage.
Similarly , we can't blow motor horns loudly in the streets. these and many such actions tend to disturb others in society . so they have got to be restricted. If we care for other's feeling. then other will care for our feelings.
Q4. "Our personal liberty of action is restricted by other people's liberty " How ? Give three examples.
Ans- We have personal liberty of action so long as it does not encroach upon the liberty of other. But the moment it disturbs others., our liberty of action becomes restricted. For example we can't blow trombone at midnight if it disturb others. Similarly we can't play gramophone with our windows open because it will disturb our neighbours. In the same way , we cannot talk loudly in a railway carriage because it will disturb other passengers
Q5. How can we enjoy personal liberty and also respect the liberty of our neighbours ? Give examples?
Ans - We can enjoy personal liberty and also respect the liberty of our neighbours. Rights and duties are , in fact , inseparable two side of a coin. My right enjoins upon me to allow tohers also have. The two are like the positive and negative currents. together they generate light and happiness.
We cannot live in peace and security unless we and our neighbours are equally gentle. In other words, nobody can live in isolation. In the society he was as many duties and obligations as he has rights. Life will become a pleasant experience if we become aware of both - our privileges and our responsibilities . If you are hearing music in your house with a loud music , you are interfering the liberty of you neghbours. Your neighbours may not like to keep your home fire's bring. they prefer to have their Sunday afternoon undisturbed.
Q6. "A reasonable consideration for the rights or feeling of other is the foundation of social conduct , " Explain.
Ans - It has rightly been said that a reasonable consideration for the rights and feelings of other is the foundation of social conduct. It is this social conduct that as of small nationalities are also importan . this involves just small give and take relationship , Social conduct demands that we should care for the rights and feelings of other. If we have the right to listen to the music of the own choice, others also have the right to read or sleep in quiet , we have no right , whatsoever, to disturb them. we have no right to be a nuisance to other in society.
We must recognize the rights and feeling of others and then enjoy these rights. We have to preserve our individual liberty and our social liberty as well follow the maxim Live and Let Live .
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